Managed inventory

ABSTRACT

Example methods and systems are directed to a managed inventory. A database may store information regarding items owned by a user. The information regarding an item may include a quantity owned and one or more triggering events. Based on the occurrence of a triggering event, an order for the item may be placed without user intervention. Data to the database may be provided by one or more sensors. Triggering events may be defined in terms of sensor data. The triggering event may be defined by a user or through machine learning. The order may be placed using a predetermined modality or a dynamically-determined modality based on one or more criteria, such as price, shipping speed, and the urgency of the order.

PRIORITY CLAIM

The application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.17/241,137, filed Apr. 27, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 14/538,696, filed Nov. 11, 2014, now issued as U.S.Pat. No. 11,030,571, on Jun. 8, 2021, which claims priority to U.S.Patent Application No. 61/919,204, filed Dec. 20, 2013, each of which ishereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The subject matter disclosed herein generally relates to the use ofsensor data to control automated systems. Specifically, the presentdisclosure addresses systems and methods related to a sensor-drivenmanaged inventory.

BACKGROUND

An electronic marketplace provides the ability for users to buy and sellitems electronically. A user may determine when stock of a particularitem is running low or is depleted entirely and may place an order torestock the item. For example, an end user that consumes an item mayreorder the item when it runs out. As another example, a retailer thatsells an item may place an order for the item when inventory runs low,to keep enough of the item on hand to satisfy demand.

Additional electronic marketplaces may provide the ability for users tobuy and sell the same items electronically. A user may review the itemsavailable on the multiple electronic marketplaces and choose whichelectronic marketplace to order from. For example, two marketplaces mayoffer the same item, but the user may prefer one over the other becauseit offers the item at a lower price.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Some embodiments are illustrated, by way of example and not limitation,in the figures of the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a network diagram illustrating a network environment suitablefor a managed inventory, according to some example embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating components of an inventorymanagement machine suitable for a managed inventory, according to someexample embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating components of a device suitablefor a managed inventory, according to some example embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a network diagram illustrating a network environment suitablefor a managed inventory, according to some example embodiments.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a user interface suitable for amanaged inventory, according to some example embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a user interface suitable for amanaged inventory, according to some example embodiments.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a user interface suitable for amanaged inventory, according to some example embodiments.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a user interface suitable for amanaged inventory, according to some example embodiments.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a user interface suitable for amanaged inventory, according to some example embodiments.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a user interface suitable for amanaged inventory, according to some example embodiments.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a database schema suitable for amanaged inventory, according to some example embodiments.

FIG. 12 is a flow diagram illustrating operations of a method formanaging an inventory, according to some example embodiments.

FIG. 13 is a flow diagram illustrating operations of a method formanaging an inventory, according to some example embodiments.

FIG. 14 is a flow diagram illustrating operations of a method forplacing an order, according to some example embodiments.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating components of a machine,according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from amachine-readable medium and perform any one or more of the methodologiesdiscussed herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Example methods and systems are directed to a managed inventory.Examples merely typify possible variations. Unless explicitly statedotherwise, components and functions are optional and may be combined orsubdivided, and operations may vary in sequence or be combined orsubdivided. In the following description, for purposes of explanation,numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thoroughunderstanding of example embodiments. It will be evident to one skilledin the art, however, that the present subject matter may be practicedwithout these specific details.

A database may store information regarding items owned by a user. Anitem is a physical or electronic product that can be bought or sold. Forexample, books, cars, guitars, and other tangible or intangible goodsare all items. The information regarding an item may include a quantityowned and one or more triggering events. Based on the occurrence of atriggering event, an order for the item can be placed without userintervention.

Data is provided to the database by one or more sensors. A sensor is adevice capable of detecting information. For example, sensors may detectthe ambient temperature, the date of the year, the time of the day, thenumber of times particular appliances are used, and so on. Theidentification of items in the inventory and the quantity owned may beinput by a user or automatically determined through the use of thesensors.

Triggering events are defined in terms of sensor data. For example, auser may need firewood in the winter, but not in summer. A weight sensor(e.g., a scale) may detect the current weight of wood stored by theuser, while a time sensor (e.g., a clock) working with a temperaturesensor (e.g., a thermometer) can determine the season. Based on theweight of the wood being below a threshold and the season being winter,an order for delivery of wood may be placed. The determination that theseason is winter may be based on the current date (e.g., betweenDecember 1 and March 1), based on the temperature (e.g., a hightemperature below 60 degrees Fahrenheit for at least five consecutivedays), or a suitable combination thereof. The amount of wood to beordered may be a fixed, predetermined amount, or may be based on sensordata. For example, if the time sensor and temperature sensor indicatethat winter is nearly over, the amount of wood ordered may less than ifthe time sensor and temperature sensor indicate that winter is justbeginning. As another example, if the weight sensor indicates that thewood stockpile is nearly depleted, more wood may be ordered than if theweight sensor indicates that the wood stockpile is barely below thethreshold for placing an order.

The order may be placed from a predetermined electronic commerce site.Alternatively, the source of the items ordered may be dynamicallydetermined based on one or more criteria. Example criteria includeprice, shipping speed, and urgency of the order. Additionally, ordersplaced on an electronic commerce site may be placed using differentshopping modalities. For example, fixed-price shopping or auctionshopping may be used. The order may be placed using a predeterminedmodality or a dynamically-determined modality based on one or morecriteria, such as price, shipping speed, and the urgency of the order.

A user can also enter an order into a user interface and have the sourceor modality automatically determined based on one or more criteria. Forexample, the user may specify an item, a quantity of the item, and adelivery date. Based on availability of the item from various electroniccommerce sites in various shopping modalities, one or more orders may beplaced that result in the lowest total cost while meeting the user'sother criteria. As another example, the user may specify one or moresellers on the one or more electronic commerce sites that the userprefers to do business with. The sellers may be ranked by the user orthe electronic commerce sites. Based on the ranking, priority may begiven to certain sellers over others.

FIG. 1 is a network diagram illustrating a network environment 100suitable for a managed inventory, according to some example embodiments.The network environment 100 includes e-commerce machines 120 and 140, aninventory management machine 130, and devices 150A, 150B, and 150C, allcommunicatively coupled to each other via a network 170. The devices150A, 150B, and 150C may be collectively referred to as “devices 150,”or generically referred to as a “device 150.” The e-commerce machines120 and 140 and the inventory management machine 130 may be part of anetwork-based system 110. Alternatively, the devices 150 may connect tothe inventory management machine 130 directly or over a local networkdistinct from the network 170 used to connect to the e-commerce machine120 or 140. The e-commerce machines 120 and 140, the inventorymanagement machine 130, and the devices 150 may each be implemented in acomputer system, in whole or in part, as described below with respect toFIG. 15 .

The e-commerce machines 120 and 140 provide an electronic commerceapplication to other machines (e.g., the user devices 150 or theinventory management machine 130) via the network 170. The e-commercemachines 120 and 140 may also be connected directly to, or integratedwith, the inventory management machine 130. In some example embodiments,one e-commerce machine 120 and the inventory management machine 130 arepart of a network-based system 110, while other e-commerce machines(e.g., the e-commerce machine 140) are separate from the network-basedsystem 110. The electronic commerce application may provide a way forusers to buy and sell items directly to each other, to buy from and sellto the electronic commerce application provider, or both.

The inventory management machine 130 may provide data to other machines(e.g., the e-commerce machines 120 and 140 or the devices 150) via thenetwork 170 or another network. The inventory management machine 130 mayreceive data from other machines (e.g., the e-commerce machines 120 and140 or the devices 150) via the network 170 or another network.

The inventory management machine 130 stores data about items. Forexample, a database in the inventory management machine 130 may havetables storing information regarding wood, paper, food, and electronicsubscriptions. These tables may indicate not only static informationabout the items that does not change such as a name and an image, butalso dynamic information that changes over time such as a currentinventory and a rate of use. The inventory management machine 130 alsostores data about users. For example, the inventory management machine130 may have tables indicating which of these items is owned by aparticular user. In a home, multiple users of the inventory managementmachine 130 may each have ownership of different items. To illustrate,one roommate may consume one brand of soda (e.g., Brand X) while anotherroommate consumes a different brand of soda (e.g., Brand Y). An imagesensor (e.g., a camera) in the refrigerator, coupled to a processorconfigured to analyze images and identify the number of cans of eachtype of soda, can determine when the quantity of Brand X or Brand Y sodafalls below a predetermined threshold. Based on an association of thesoda with the corresponding roommate, an order for the soda can beplaced and the appropriate roommate billed.

Also shown in FIG. 1 is a user 160. The user 160 may be a human user(e.g., a human being), a machine user (e.g., a computer configured by asoftware program to interact with the devices 150 and the inventorymanagement machine 130), or any suitable combination thereof (e.g., ahuman assisted by a machine or a machine supervised by a human). Theuser 160 is not part of the network environment 100, but is associatedwith the devices 150 and may be a user of the devices 150. For example,the device 150 may be a sensor, a desktop computer, a vehicle computer,a tablet computer, a navigational device, a portable media device, or asmart phone belonging to the user 160.

Any of the machines, databases, or devices shown in FIG. 1 may beimplemented in a general-purpose computer modified (e.g., configured orprogrammed) by software to be a special-purpose computer to perform thefunctions described herein for that machine, database, or device. Forexample, a computer system able to implement any one or more of themethodologies described herein is discussed below with respect to FIG.15 . As used herein, a “database” is a data storage resource and maystore data structured as a text file, a table, a spreadsheet, arelational database (e.g., an object-relational database), a triplestore, a hierarchical data store, or any suitable combination thereof.Moreover, any two or more of the machines, databases, or devicesillustrated in FIG. 1 may be combined into a single machine, and thefunctions described herein for any single machine, database, or devicemay be subdivided among multiple machines, databases, or devices.

The network 170 may be any network that enables communication between oramong machines, databases, and devices (e.g., the inventory managementmachine 130 and the devices 150). Accordingly, the network 170 may be awired network, a wireless network (e.g., a mobile or cellular network),or any suitable combination thereof. The network 170 may include one ormore portions that constitute a private network, a public network (e.g.,the Internet), or any suitable combination thereof.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating components of the inventorymanagement machine 130, according to some example embodiments. Theinventory management machine 130 is shown as including a sensor module210, a condition module 220, an order module 230, and a shopping module240, and an identification module 250, all configured to communicatewith each other (e.g., via a bus, shared memory, or a switch). Any oneor more of the modules described herein may be implemented usinghardware (e.g., a processor of a machine) or a combination of hardwareand software. For example, any module described herein may configure aprocessor to perform the operations described herein for that module.Moreover, any two or more of these modules may be combined into a singlemodule, and the functions described herein for a single module may besubdivided among multiple modules. Furthermore, according to variousexample embodiments, modules described herein as being implementedwithin a single machine, database, or device may be distributed acrossmultiple machines, databases, or devices.

The sensor module 210 is configured to receive and process sensor data.For example, a temperature may be received from a thermometer, a weightmay be received from a scale, or an image may be received from a camera.To illustrate, a camera may take a picture and send it to the sensormodule 210. The sensor module 210 may process the sensor data todetermine a quantity of an item in the user's inventory. For example, animage may be processed to count individual depicted items or to estimatea volume occupied by the item and calculate a quantity of the item basedon the estimated volume. To illustrate, a number of cans of soda may becounted or the size of a stack of paper estimated from the image andused to calculate a number of pages of paper in the inventory.

The condition module 220 is configured to access and store conditionalactions. The conditional actions are the actions that will be takenunder certain conditions, along with those conditions. Conditions andactions stored by the condition module 220 may be received through auser interface (“UI”). In one example embodiment, the user enters theprecise conditions to be met for each item in order to trigger theaction of placing an order. This may be done through the use of UIcomponents such as text fields, drop-down menus, date selectors, and thelike.

The order module 230 may be configured to determine when conditionsstored by the condition module 220 are met and to execute thecorresponding action by placing an order for items. For example, thecondition module 220 may access a condition indicating that when thenumber of eggs in the refrigerator falls below 3, a dozen eggs should beordered. The order module 230 may receive data from the sensor module210 indicating that 2 eggs are present in the user's inventory and, bycomparing the number of eggs present to the threshold indicated in thecondition, conclude that the condition accessed by the condition module220 has been met. In response, the order module 230 communicates withthe e-commerce machine 120 to place an order. For example, the ordermodule 230 may send the user's address and credit card information alongwith the quantity of the item to be ordered. The e-commerce machine 120may cause the user's account to be charged for the ordered items andcommunicate the order to the appropriate parties (e.g., the warehousestoring the physical items ordered).

The shopping module 240, if present, is configured to determine whichsource among multiple available sources should be used to place theorder. Thus, in some example embodiments, the order module 230 isconfigured to place an order with an e-commerce machine 120 as describedabove. In other example embodiments, the order module 230 determines howmany items are needed (e.g., one dozen eggs) and informs the shoppingmodule 240 of the order. In turn, the shopping module 240 determines howto source the order and places one or more resulting orders withe-commerce machines 120 and 140. The order module 230 may provideadditional information to the shopping module 240 regarding the order.For example, the order module 230 may indicate a desired delivery dateor a desired brand.

The identification module 250, if present, is configured to identifyitems based on sensor data. For example, data from multiple sensors canbe combined to generate information about different attributes of anitem. An item database can be searched based on the multiple knownattributes to identify an item that is a closest match based on thereceived sensor data. For example, image data may be used to identifyitems via machine-vision algorithms. The image data can be combined withother data to improve the accuracy of the identification. For example, apressure sensor in a shelf can detect the weight and footprint of anitem. Accordingly, a full container of milk can be distinguished from anearly empty one by the weight difference. Similarly, a grey Styrofoambrick can be distinguished from a concrete block based on weight. Insome example embodiments, an identification module 250 is not neededbecause particular sensors are dedicated to particular items.

Additionally or alternatively, the shopping module 240 may be configuredto receive orders from a user without the intermediation of the ordermodule 230. For example, a user may use a user interface to enter adesired quantity of an item. Responsive to the user input, the shoppingmodule 240 may place one or more orders with e-commerce machines 120 and140 to cause the desired quantity of the item to be delivered to theuser. After receiving the order from the user or from the order module230, the shopping module 240 may consider one or more user-definedcriteria in determining which sources to place resulting orders with.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating components of the device 150,according to some example embodiments. The device 150 is shown asincluding an input module 310, a sensor module 320, and a communicationmodule 330, all configured to communicate with each other (e.g., via abus, shared memory, or a switch). Any one or more of the modulesdescribed herein may be implemented using hardware (e.g., a processor ofa machine) or a combination of hardware and software. For example, anymodule described herein may configure a processor to perform theoperations described herein for that module. Moreover, any two or moreof these modules may be combined into a single module, and the functionsdescribed herein for a single module may be subdivided among multiplemodules. Furthermore, according to various example embodiments, modulesdescribed herein as being implemented within a single machine, database,or device may be distributed across multiple machines, databases, ordevices.

The input module 310 is configured to receive input from a user via auser interface. For example, the user may enter a current quantity of anitem in the user's inventory, a quantity below which the item should beordered, a quantity of the item to order when reordering, and the sensorto use to detect the current quantity of the item or when an item of theuser's inventory is used.

The available sensors may be organized in a hierarchy for presentationto the user. The hierarchy may be based on the type of the sensor or thephysical location of the sensor. For example, in a home, cupboards inthe kitchen and garage may have scales built in to them while each roommay have a security camera. Accordingly, a user may be presented firstwith a selection of rooms and then with a selection of sensors in theroom or first with a selection of sensor types and then with a selectionof individual sensors. As another example, an office may have multiplephotocopy machines, each of which has sensors for detecting the use ofpaper and toner. Accordingly, a user may be presented first with aselection of machines and then with a selection of sensors in theselected machine, or first presented with a type of sensor and then witha selection of a particular machine. Sensors may also be aggregated. Forexample, if the user is tracking the available paper in an office, theinitial quantity of paper may be entered and the paper consumptionsensors of all photocopiers and fax machines selected.

The sensor module 320 is configured to receive sensor data. For example,a temperature may be received from a thermometer, a weight may bereceived from a scale, or an image may be received from a camera. Thesensor module 320 may process the sensor data to determine a quantity ofan item in the user's inventory. For example, an image may be processedto count individual depicted items or to estimate a volume occupied bythe item. To illustrate, a number of cans of soda may be counted or thesize of a stack of paper estimated from the image and used to calculatea number of pages of paper in the inventory. The sensor module 320 mayalso process the sensor data to determine a change in the quantity of anitem in the user's inventory. For example, a count of pages consumed bya photocopier may be used to determine the decrease in number of pagesavailable, which may then be used to determine the current number ofpages available.

The communication module 330 is configured to communicate data receivedby the input module 310 or the sensor module 320 to the inventorymanagement machine 130. For example, the input module 310 may receiveinput containing the amount of an item owned by a user and thecommunication module 330 may transmit the quantity to the inventorymanagement machine 130 to be stored in a database accessible by thecondition module 220. As another example, the sensor module 320 mayreceive a temperature from a thermometer and the communication module330 may transmit the temperature to the inventory management machine 130for processing by the sensor module 210.

FIG. 4 is a network diagram illustrating a network environment suitablefor a managed inventory, according to some example embodiments. Thenetwork environment 400 includes an inventory management machine 130,and sensors 420, 430, 440, 445, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490 and 495, allcommunicatively coupled to each other via a network 410. The network 410may be a local area network, a wide-area network, the Internet, oranother network. The inventory management machine 130, and the sensors420-495 may each be implemented in a computer system, in whole or inpart, as described below with respect to FIG. 15 .

In an example embodiment, a sensor (e.g., a scale) in a pantry measuresthe weight of items on a shelf, while a pantry image sensor 420determines the identity of the items (e.g., a camera in conjunction withimage-recognition software). Based on the sensor inputs, the amount ofitems remaining is determined. When the amount of each item remainingfalls below a threshold (e.g., one can of chicken noodle soup or one boxof instant mashed potatoes), additional items are ordered by theinventory management machine 130.

In an example embodiment, a refrigerator shelf weight sensor 430 (e.g.,a scale) in a refrigerator measures the weight of items on a shelf,while a second sensor determines the identity of the items (e.g., acamera in conjunction with image-recognition software). Based on thesensor inputs, the amount of milk remaining is determined. When theamount of milk remaining falls below a threshold (e.g., one quart),additional milk is ordered by the inventory management machine 130.

In one example embodiment, an ink sensor 440 in a printer measures theamount of ink remaining (e.g., a number of milliliters of ink or anumber of pages remaining). A threshold amount of ink is set (e.g., 5 mLor 50 pages). When the measured amount of ink falls below the threshold,new ink cartridges are ordered by the inventory management machine 130.

In one example embodiment, paper sensor 445 in a printer measures theamount of paper remaining. For example, an infrared emitter and sensorembedded above the paper tray can measure the distance from the top ofthe stack of paper to the sensor. Based on a known distance from thesensor to the base of the tray and a known thickness of paper, thenumber of pages of paper in the tray can be calculated. When themeasured amount of paper falls below the threshold, additional paper isordered by the inventory management machine 130.

In another example embodiment, a laundry load sensor 450 in a washingmachine measures the number of loads of laundry done. Based on thenumber of loads of laundry done, an average amount of laundry detergentused per load, and a starting amount of detergent, the amount ofdetergent remaining is determined. When the amount of detergentremaining falls below a threshold (e.g., detergent for five loads oflaundry remaining), additional laundry detergent is ordered by theinventory management machine 130.

In another example embodiment, a fireplace heat sensor 460 in afireplace measures the total number of BTUs generated by burning wood.Based on the BTUs generated, an average BTU generated per log, and astarting number of logs, the number of logs remaining is determined.When the number of logs remaining falls below a threshold (e.g., tenlogs), additional logs are ordered by the inventory management machine130.

In yet another example embodiment, a toilet paper roll rotation sensor470 in a bathroom measures the number of rotations of a toilet paperdispenser. Based on the number of rotations of the dispenser, an averagenumber of rotations per toilet paper roll, and a starting number oftoilet paper rolls, the number of toilet paper rolls remaining isdetermined. When the number of toilet paper rolls falls below athreshold (e.g., three rolls of toilet paper), additional toilet paperis ordered by the inventory management machine 130.

In another example embodiment, a sensor (e.g., an electrical currentsensor) in a lamp determines when a bulb has died, and when it has beenreplaced. Based on an initial number of bulbs remaining and thedetermination that a bulb has been replaced, the number of bulbsremaining is determined. When the number of bulbs remaining falls belowa threshold (e.g., one replacement bulb), additional bulbs are orderedby the inventory management machine 130. Multiple lamps using the sametype of bulb may contribute to the determination of the remaining numberof bulbs.

In yet another example embodiment, a battery charge sensor 480 (e.g., anelectrical current sensor or a voltage sensor) in a battery-powereddevice (e.g., a smoke alarm, a toy, a flashlight, or a remote control)determines when the batteries in that device have died, and when theyhave been replaced. The sensor or the device also may identify thenumber and type of batteries replaced. Based on an initial number ofbatteries remaining and the sensor data regarding the replacement ofbatteries, the number of batteries remaining is determined. When thenumber of batteries remaining falls below a threshold (e.g., twobatteries), additional batteries are ordered by the inventory managementmachine 130. Multiple battery-powered devices using the same type ofbattery may contribute to the determination of the remaining number ofbatteries.

In another example embodiment, a car mileage sensor 490 (e.g., anodometer) in a car measures the number of miles driven by the car. Basedon the sensor data and the number of miles driven when the oil was lastchanged, the number of miles driven since the last oil change can bedetermined. When the number of miles driven exceeds a threshold (e.g.,5000 miles), an oil change is scheduled. When the number of miles drivenexceeds another threshold (e.g., 30,000 miles), an appointment to changethe tires is scheduled. Another sensor (e.g., a voltmeter) in the carmeasures the strength of the battery. Based on the strength of thebattery falling below a threshold (e.g., 11.5V), an appointment tochange the battery is scheduled.

In yet another example embodiment, a radio-frequency identification(“RFID”) sensor 495 in a storage area (e.g., a cupboard, a refrigerator,a pantry, or a supply closet) determines when an RFID tag leaves thestorage area (e.g., moves beyond the range of the RFID sensor). Byworking in conjunction with a weight sensor, the weight of the removedtagged item can be determined. The RFID sensor 495 can determine whenthe item is returned. Again working in conjunction with the weightsensor, the weight of the returned item can be determined. If the weightat the time of removal is not the same as the weight at the time ofreturn, an amount of the item added or removed can be determined, andused to update the inventory. For example, milk weighs approximatelyeight ounces per cup. Accordingly, if a half-gallon carton of milk isremoved and returned eight ounces lighter, the user's inventory of milkcan be reduced by one cup.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a user interface 500 suitable fora managed inventory, according to some example embodiments. The UI 500includes buttons 510-540, operable by touching a touch screen, clickinga mouse, selection using a keyboard, or otherwise.

The UI 500 shows options for configuring a managed inventory for a home,and may be displayed on a graphics display 1510 of a device 150 (e.g., asmart phone or desktop computer of the user 160). The button 510,labeled “food,” is operable to cause the display of options related toan inventory of food items. Similarly, the buttons 520 and 530, labeled“housewares” and “automotive”, respectively, are operable to cause thedisplay of options related to inventories of housewares and automotiveitems. The button 540, labeled “configure sensors,” is operable to causethe display of options related to sensors of the system. The function ofthe screens displayed by use of the buttons 510 and 540 are described inmore detail with respect to FIGS. 6-8 , below.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a user interface 600 suitable fora managed inventory, according to some example embodiments. The UI 600includes buttons 610-650, operable by touching a touch screen, clickinga mouse, selection using a keyboard, or otherwise. The UI 600 may bedisplayed in response to operation of the button 510 of FIG. 5 .

Each of the buttons 610-650 is operable to cause the display of optionsrelated to managing the inventory of a corresponding food item. Forexample, operation of the button 620 is operable to cause the display ofoptions related to managing the inventory of soda, as shown in moredetail in FIG. 7 .

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a user interface 700 suitable fora managed inventory, according to some example embodiments. The UI 700includes drop-down menus 710-730, operable by touching a touch screen,clicking a mouse, selection using a keyboard, or otherwise. The UI 700may be displayed in response to operation of the button 620 of FIG. 6 .

As shown in the UI 700, the current setting for the managed inventory ofsoda is to order 12 cans of soda when 2 cans remain in the summer. Thedrop-down menu 710 is operable to change the amount of soda to beordered when the order criteria are met. The drop-down menu 720 isoperable to change the threshold at or below which an order will beplaced. The drop-down menu 730 is operable to select the season forwhich the threshold applies. In embodiments, date ranges other thanseasons can be used. For example, date pickers for the start and enddates of a range can be presented. In some embodiments, the quantity toorder and the threshold for multiple seasons is shown simultaneously.For example, a table could be shown with one row for each season orpredetermined date range. The user can then set the quantity andthreshold for each season or date range while simultaneously viewing thevalues for other seasons and date ranges. Menu options can be presentedthat are operable to accept or reject the changes. Alternatively oradditionally, a back button on the device may be operable to accept thecurrently-displayed selections.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a user interface 800 suitable fora managed inventory, according to some example embodiments. The UI 800includes labels 810A-810H and corresponding drop-down menus 820A-820H,operable by touching a touch screen, clicking a mouse, selection using akeyboard, or otherwise. The UI 800 may be displayed in response tooperation of the button 540 of FIG. 5 . The labels 810A-810H may bereferred to collectively as labels 810 or singularly as a label 810.Similarly, the drop-down menus 820A-820H may be referred to collectivelyas drop-down menus 820 or singularly as a drop-down menu 820.

The labels 810A-810H indicate the locations of sensors used to managethe inventory. In some example embodiments, the labels 810A-810H alsoindicate the type of each sensor. Information for additional sensors maybe available to a user by scrolling up and down, or left and right.

The drop-down menus 820A-820H are operable to select the type of itembeing measured by the sensor indicated by the corresponding label 810.For example, the open drop-down menu 820A shows that soda, orange juice,or milk can be associated with the sensor labeled “refrigerator shelf 1left.” Additionally, the drop-down menu 820A shows that the sensor canbe disassociated from any managed inventory item.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a user interface 900 suitable fora managed inventory, according to some example embodiments. The UI 900includes message 910 and buttons 920-950, operable by touching a touchscreen, clicking a mouse, selection using a keyboard, or otherwise. TheUI 900 may be presented by the input module 310 in response to adetermination by the condition module 220 that a condition set by theuser has been met and identification of an order to place by the ordermodule 230, in embodiments in which a user confirmation is requestedprior to the placement of an order.

The message 910 informs the user of the item for which the condition hasbeen met. In some example embodiments, the user is also informed of theprice and the selected provider of the item, as shown in FIG. 9 .Additionally or alternatively, the message 910 may include an expecteddelivery date and information about other ordering options.

The buttons 920-950 are operable by the user to select a desiredresponse to the automatically-generated order. In various embodiments,more or fewer options are displayed. The button 920, labeled “OK,” isoperable to place the order as generated by the order module 230. Thebutton 930, labeled “Remind Me Later,” is operable to dismiss themessage 910 for the time being, but to cause the message 910 to reappearin the future. For example, the UI 900 may reappear after an hour, 24hours, or another predetermined delay. The button 940, labeled “SkipThis Order,” is operable to dismiss the message 910, and to prevent anautomatic order from being placed until the condition is no longer metand then is triggered again. For example, if the user will replenish thestock of the item through a different channel, but wants to keepautomatic inventory management of the item operating for the future, thebutton 940 would be chosen. The button 950, labeled “Delete ThisCondition,” is operable to delete the condition and its correspondingconditional action that resulted in the presentation of the UI 900.Operation of the button 950 also prevents the suggested order from beingplaced.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a user interface 1000 suitablefor a managed inventory, according to some example embodiments. The UI1000 includes images 1010-1030 and buttons 1040 and 1050. The images1020 and 1030 and the buttons 1040 and 1050, are operable by touching atouch screen, clicking a mouse, selection using a keyboard, orotherwise. The UI 1000 may be presented by the input module 310 inresponse to a determination by the sensor module 210 that an item hasbeen detected but cannot be positively identified.

The image 1010 is an image of the detected item. For example, a photo orinfrared (“IR”) image of an object placed in a storage area, cupboard,or refrigerator may have been taken by a sensor, transmitted to thedevice 150, and presented on the display as image 1010. The images 1020and 1030 are images of the closest matching items found. For example, ifthe user has placed a cabbage in the refrigerator, a weight sensor inthe shelf of the refrigerator can determine the change in weight causedby adding the cabbage. Similarly, before and after photos of the shelfcan be compared to identify the portion of the shelf that contains thecabbage. Accordingly, the after photo can be cropped to help the userfocus on the newly-added item. By looking up the cabbage in an itemdatabase, based on the image of the cabbage and the weight of thecabbage, the item may be correctly identified, in which case the UI 1000is not needed. Instead, the item can be directly added to the user'sinventory. However, if, for example, the system in unable to determineif the cabbage is a cabbage or a head of iceberg lettuce, images 1020and 1030 are presented, showing these two most likely matches. In otherexample embodiments, more or fewer likely matches may be shown.

By selecting one or the other of the images 1020 and 1030, the userinforms the system as to which of the suggested items has been added.Accordingly, the system updates the user's inventory to reflect theuser's selection. If neither of the images 1030 and 1030 correctly matchthe item shown in the image 1010, the user may use the button 1040 tobring up an interface with additional item options. For example, thenext best matches may be shown, a list of items likely to be stored inthe item location may be shown, or a hierarchy of items that the usercan browse to select the correct item may be shown. The user may alsouse the button 1050 to delete the item from the inventory entirely.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a database schema 1100 suitablefor a managed inventory, according to some example embodiments. Shown inthe database schema 1100 are the fields for a sensor table 1110, acondition table 1120, a user table 1130, an item table 1140, aninventory table 1150, a conditional action table 1160, an actionpreferences table 1170, a supplier table 1180, and a supplierpreferences table 1190. In various embodiments, fewer or additionaltables are used. Furthermore, in different embodiments, fewer oradditional fields may be used in each table. For example, values thatare stored in fields in the database schema 1100 may be unnecessary incertain embodiments, inferred by software in certain embodiments, andstored in other tables in certain embodiments. Accordingly, the databaseschema 1100 is provided by way of example and not limitation.

The sensor table 1110 contains one row for each sensor. Information foreach sensor includes a sensor identifier, a type, a label, a location,and a value. The sensor identifier is a unique identifier for eachsensor that allows the row in the sensor table 1110 to be referred to bycomputer programs and other tables in the database. The type is amachine-readable identifier (e.g., an integer or short character string)that can be used by computer programs in presenting data for the sensor.For example, if the type field for the sensor indicates that it is aweight sensor that reports values in pounds, a UI allowing the user toconfigure a criterion that uses the weight sensor can include the unitsof “pounds” when requesting the user to enter a threshold value. Thelabel is a human-readable identifier (e.g, a character string) that canbe used by computer programs in presenting data for the sensor. Forexample, the label may indicate the location of the sensor, the purposeof the sensor, or other information that may help a user correctlyconfigure criteria based on the sensor. The location field identifiesthe location of the sensor. The location of the sensor may be used in aUI, to help the user recognize the sensor. Similarly, the location canbe used in a UI to organize sensors for presentation. The value fieldstores the last-read value for the sensor.

The condition table 1120 contains one row for each criterion in eachcondition. Note that a condition may depend on multiple criteria. Eachrow includes a condition identifier, a timestamp, a sensor or itemidentifier, a value, and a duration. The condition identifier is aunique identifier for the condition that allows the set of criteria forthe condition to be accessed by computer programs and other tables inthe database. The timestamp identifies the time from which the criterion(barring duration) was continuously met.

The sensor identifier is a reference to the sensor table 1110 andidentifies the sensor for which the criterion applies. Alternatively,the item identifier is a reference to the inventory table 1150. Used inconjunction with the user identifier in the conditional action table1160, the item allows the quantity of a user's inventory of an item tobe used as a sensor input for the condition.

The value is a threshold to which the value reported by the sensor iscompared. The type field indicates the type of comparison that isperformed. Comparisons such as less than, equal to, greater than, or anysuitable combination thereof may be indicated by the type field. Theduration field indicates a minimum period of time that the comparisonmust be true before the criterion will trigger an action. In someexample embodiments, the timestamp and duration fields are not used, andcriteria based on duration are not supported.

The user table 1130 contains one row for each user. Each row includes auser identifier, a payment account, an address, and a preferences field.The user identifier is a unique identifier for each user that allows theuser to be referred to by computer programs and other tables in thedatabase. The payment account identifies a payment account of the userthat can be charged when placing orders on the user's behalf. Theaddress identifies a shipping address to which orders placed for theuser can be delivered. The preferences field includes one or morepreference settings for the user, either directly in the user table 1130or as a reference to a preferences table (not shown). For example, thepreferences field may indicate whether the user wants to be informedbefore orders are placed or if the user prefers for orders to be placedautomatically when their conditions are met.

The item table 1140 contains one row for each item in the database. Therow contains a unique item identifier for the item, along with otherinformation about the item, such as a name and a description. The nameand description can be used for presentation to a user, for matching toitem names and descriptions provided by suppliers, or both. In someexample embodiments, additional fields or tables for mapping the itemidentifier used in the database schema 1100 to a supplier-specific itemidentifier are used.

The inventory table 1150 contains one row for each item owned by eachuser. Accordingly, while there may be multiple rows for each useridentifier and multiple rows for each item identifier, there is only onerow for each unique pair of user identifier and item identifier. The rowstores the quantity of the item owned by the user and, optionally, asensor identifier. The sensor identifier, if present, identifies asensor in the sensor table 1110 that provides information used todetermine the quantity. For example, an image capture and processingsensor that counts a number of items can be linked to a row in theinventory table 1150. When the value field of the sensor is updated, thequantity in the inventory table 1150 can also be updated to reflect thenumber of items counted. As another example, a printing usage sensorthat counts a number of pages of paper used can be linked to a row inthe inventory table 1150 for paper. When the value field of the sensoris updated, the quantity of paper available can be decremented toreflect the used paper. The type field of the sensor table 1110 can beused to indicate whether the linked sensor reports amounts available oramounts used.

The conditional action table 1160 contains one row for each conditionalaction. Each row includes an action identifier, a condition identifier,an item identifier, a quantity of the item, a user identifier, and astatus. The action identifier is a unique identifier for eachconditional action that allows the conditional action to be referred toby computer programs and other tables in the database. The conditionidentifier is a reference to the condition table 1120, and identifiesthe criteria that must be met in order to trigger the conditionalaction. The item identifier is a reference to the item table 1140, andidentifies the item to be ordered when the conditions are met. Thequantity identifies the number or amount of the item to be ordered whenthe conditions are met. The user identifier is a reference to the usertable 1130, and identifies the user on whose behalf an order of the itemwill be placed when the conditions are met. The status reflects thecurrent status of the conditional action. For example, the status valuesbelow may be used.

Status Value Meaning 1 Condition Not Met 2 Condition Met, FurtherProcessing Needed 3 Condition Met, Order Pending Approval 4 ConditionMet, Order Placed 5 Condition Met, Order Skipped

The action preferences table 1170 contains one row for each conditionalaction. Each row in the action preferences table 1170 contains an actionidentifier, a price weight, a time weight, and a source weight. Theaction identifier corresponds to the action identifier in theconditional action table 1160 and indicates for which action preferencesare stored. The price weight, time weight, and source weight can be usedwhen multiple suppliers are available for the item indicated in thecorresponding row of the conditional action table 1160. For example, theshopping module 240 may use the weights to balance competing advantagesbefore placing an order for the item, as discussed in more detail withrespect to FIG. 14 , below.

The supplier table 1180 contains one row for each item supplied by eachsupplier. Each row in the supplier table 1180 contains a supplieridentifier that uniquely identifies the supplier and an item identifierthat identifies the item. Thus, when the conditions for a conditionalaction are met, querying the supplier table 1180 for all rows matchingthe item identifier will give a result set that indicates all suppliershaving the item. Each row in the supplier table 1180 also indicates thesupplier's price for the item and the delivery date. In exampleembodiments, additional columns may be present, indicating otherinformation such as the availability of expedited shipping, quantitydiscounts, and so on.

The supplier preferences table 1190 contains a set of rows for eachuser. Each row in the supplier preferences table 1190 indicates a rankfor a supplier, on a per-user basis. Information in the supplierpreferences table 1190 may be used by the shopping module 240 inconjunction with the source weight field of the action preferences table1170 in determining which supplier to use to place an order.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating operations of the inventorymanagement machine 130 using the database schema 1100 in performing aprocess 1200 of managing an inventory, according to some exampleembodiments.

The addition of an item to a storage area is detected in operation 1210by the inventory management machine 130. For example, a storage area mayhave multiple sensors including an image sensor and a weight sensor.When the weight sensor reports an increase in the weight of items in thestorage area, the inventory management machine 130 can conclude thatsomething has been added to the storage area. Based on this conclusion,an image of the storage area can be captured. The current image of thestorage area can be compared to a previous image to identify thechanges, which will show the added item.

Alternative or additional sensors may also be used to determine that anitem has been added and to gather information about it. For example, anadded item may have a radio-frequency identification (“RFID”) tagattached to it. The sensor may be an RFID detector. By detecting a newRFID tag, the addition of an item is detected. Via a database lookup,information about the tagged item is retrieved.

As another example, an IR sensor can be used to generate a topology ofthe storage area. For example, a pair of IR cameras in conjunction withan IR emitter, as used in Microsoft's Kinect, can create athree-dimensional model of a surface. This technology utilizes binocularvision to determine the distance of each point from the pair of cameras.As another example, a single camera in conjunction with a dot projectorcan also create a three-dimensional model of a surface. This technologyutilizes the distortion in a projected dot field caused by objects tocreate the three-dimensional model. The topology of the storage area canshow changes caused by adding an item. The topology can also give ashape of the added item.

The sensors in the storage area are polled by the sensor module 210 togather additional information about the item (operation 1220). In someexample embodiments, the order of operations 1210 and 1220 are reversed,or the operations are combined. For example, a weight sensor may be usedto trigger the determination that an item has been added, and IRsensors, image sensors, or RFID detectors polled to update theinformation about the storage area.

In operation 1230, the current values reported by the sensors arecompared to the prior values for the sensors, to determine the changesbrought about by the addition of the item. For example, the weight ofthe item can be determined by the change in weight, the height of theitem can be determined by measuring the topology of the storage area,and the area of the item can be determined by a force or pressure sensorintegrated into the floor of the storage area.

The item is identified by the identification module 250 using a databaselookup (operation 1240). The database may be a user-specific database ofitems previously purchased by the user, or a global database of allknown items. In some example embodiments, both databases are used, andthe global database is only searched if no satisfactory match is foundin the user-specific database. Items matching (or within a predeterminedrange) of the measured values for the item are found. Theclosest-matching item is taken to be the match. If no item has aconfidence level that exceeds a predetermined threshold, a user may berequested to resolve the ambiguity. For example, the UI 1000 may bepresented to a user to select the correct item. Once the correct item isidentified, the inventory of the user is updated in operation 1250.

In some example embodiments, a suggestion for re-ordering an item isautomatically presented to the user when the inventory drops to zero.The user can then choose to accept the automatic order without creatinga new conditional action for the item, accept the automatic order andcreate a new conditional action for the item, reject the order, orreject the order and instruct the system not to suggest re-ordering theitem if it should be acquired again by the user in the future.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating operations of the inventorymanagement machine 130 using the database schema 1100 in performing aprocess 1300 of managing an inventory, according to some exampleembodiments.

In operation 1310, sensor data is received. The received sensor dataindicates at least the sensor sending the data and a value. For example,the sensor module 210 may communicate with the sensor modules 320 of oneor more devices 150. The sensor data may be from a single sensor ormultiple sensors. For example, a scale in a woodshed may provide aweight measurement or multiple cameras may provide images. Data frommultiple sensors may be of a single type or of different types. Forexample, each cupboard in a garage may have a weight sensor, and theweight data for each cupboard may be received. As another example, anoffice shelf holding paper may have a weight sensor and a photocopymachine may have a count of pages consumed, the weight of the paper andthe number of pages consumed may be received. Data in the value field ofthe sensor table 1110 is updated to reflect the received values.

The sensor data may be unprocessed or pre-processed by a device 150. Forexample, the sensor data from the weight sensor in the office shelfholding paper may be reported as a raw value, a weight, or a number ofpages. To illustrate, the raw value of the weight may be measured as asixteen-bit value, with 0x0000 representing no weight and 0xFFFFrepresenting the maximum weight supported by the scale. If the maximumweight for the scale were 200 pounds, the raw value for 100 pounds couldbe represented as 0x8000. Continuing with the illustration, if theweight of the paper were 20 pounds per 1000 sheets, the weight measuredby the sensor could be reported as 5000 sheets rather than 100 pounds.

With new sensor data, the conditions of the conditional actions storedin the conditional action table 1160 can be reevaluated. Accordingly, inoperation 1320, the status field of the conditional action table 1160 isupdated based on the sensor values by the sensor module 210. If a row inthe inventory table 1150 refers to the sensor, then the quantity in thatrow can be updated, based on the value and type of the sensor reportedin the sensor table 1110.

For example, the condition table 1120 can be queried to identify thesensor identifier, value, and type for each criterion that must be metto trigger the conditional action having the matching action identifier.Using pseudo-SQL for the conditional action having an action identifierof 1: SELECT sensor ID, value, type from Condition WHERE conditionID=Conditional Action.condition ID AND Conditional Action.action ID=1.Similarly, the current values of the relevant sensors can be queried andcompared to the condition values, based on the type of the condition.

The timestamp field of each checked row can also be updated at thistime. For example, the timestamp field can be set to null, to show thatthe condition is not met. Similarly, if the timestamp field is initiallyset to null, but the condition is met, the timestamp field can be set tothe current time, to show that this is when the condition was first met.If the timestamp already had a value and the condition is still met, thetimestamp field is not modified. In this way, both the information thatthe condition is currently met and the time at which the condition wasfirst met are both available.

If the criterion has a value in its duration field, the criterion isonly considered met if the elapsed time from the other portion ofcriterion has been continuously met for at least the duration. Forexample, if the duration is one week, the value is 10, the criteriontype is “less than,” the current value is 5, and the timestamp is 5 daysago, the condition would not be considered to be met. If the currentvalue reported rose to 10, which is equal to and not less than the valuespecified in the criterion, the timestamp would be nullified, and theduration check would begin again when the value reported by the sensorfalls below the criterion value again.

If all conditions are met, and the status was previously “Condition NotMet,” the status of the conditional action is updated to “Condition Met,Further Processing Needed.” If at least one condition is not met, andthe status was previously one of the “Condition Met” values, the statusis updated to “Condition Not Met.”

In operation 1330, each conditional action having a status thatindicates that further action is required is processed by the conditionmodule 220. For example, the status “Condition Met, Further ProcessingNeeded” would trigger further processing in operation 1330. Accordingly,operations 1340-1380 are executed, as appropriate, for each suchconditional action.

The condition module 220 performs a check of the preferences field ofthe user table 1130 in operation 1340. If the preferences fieldindicates that the user wants to confirm orders before they are placed,then a confirmation request is presented to the user (operation 1350).For example, the UI 900 may be presented by the input module 310.

If the user approves the order (operation 1360) or if the preferencesfield indicates that the user wants orders to be processedautomatically, processing continues with operation 1370. In operation1370, the order is placed by the order module 230, optionally inconjunction with the shopping module 240 performing the method 1200,discussed below.

After the order is placed or the user rejects the order, the status ofthe conditional action is updated (operation 1380). For example, if theorder is placed, the status may be updated to “Condition Met, OrderPlaced.” If the user chooses to skip the order, but keep the conditionalaction, the status may be updated to “Condition Met, Order Skipped.” Ifthe user chooses to be reminded later or does not respond, the statusmay be updated to “Condition Met, Order Pending Approval.”

Consider a practical illustration in light of the process 1300. A farmerhas an area in which feed is kept, and produces some feed on the farmwhile supplementing the feed by ordering from a distributor. Inoperation 1310, sensor data is received that indicates that the amountof feed remaining has fallen below a threshold. The database is updatedto reflect this, in operation 1320. The farmer does not want foodordered immediately, but instead prefers to allow a period of time toelapse, in which either the farmer replenishes the feed from localproduction or does not. Accordingly, a duration was set in the row ofthe condition table 1120 that corresponds to the farmer's feed sensor.After the elapse of time, if the quantity of feed is still below thethreshold, the order condition for feed is met (operation 1330), anorder is placed by the order module 230 (operation 1370). The farmer mayalso set up a second conditional action, with a lower threshold valueand no duration. In this way, the order will be placed without delay ifthe feed supply falls below the lower threshold.

In example embodiments, an elapse of time from the sending of theconfirmation notice to the user (in operation 1350) without response mayoperate as a confirmation by the user. For example, a timestamp fieldcan be added to the conditional action table 1160. The time ofnotification can be added to the timestamp field. The user preferenceregarding how long to wait before automatically ordering can be storedin the preferences field of the user table 1130, or in a separatepreferences table. Alternatively or additionally, a default system-widewait value can be used. In operation 1330, if the status of theconditional action indicates that the order is ready for userconfirmation at the time elapsed since the time indicated in thetimestamp field exceeds the time to wait before automatically ordering,then the process can proceed through operation 1340 as if the user didnot want a confirmation notification to operation 1370, in which theorder is placed.

As another example, consider a vendor selling cold soda who finds thatsoda sells better when it is hot outside. The vendor wants to have avarying delay on ordering soda, based on the input from a temperaturesensor. For example, suppose the vendor wants to have a delay of 7 daysif the temperature is below 85 degrees Fahrenheit and 4 days if thetemperature is at or above 85 degrees. This case can be handled with thedatabase schema 1100 by simply creating two conditional actions. Eachconditional action has two criteria: the amount of soda remaining andthe ambient temperature. The types of the ambient temperature criteriawill be different, since one condition operates below 85 degrees and theother operates at or above 85 degrees. The durations of the conditionsfor the amount of soda remaining will be different, with the durationcorresponding to the lower temperature being 7 days and the otherduration being 4 days.

As another example using the soda vendor, the delay may be modifiedbased on the date. For example, the delay may be four days between July1 and August 31 and seven days at other times of the year. To implementthis, a date sensor (e.g., the built-in computer clock) would be usedinstead of a temperature sensor. To support ranges instead of singlevalues in criteria, a second value field can be added to the conditiontable 1120. Alternatively, two criteria can be used. For example, if theconditional action is only performed when the date is both after July 1and before August 31, two criteria (with the same sensor identifier anddifferent values and types) could be used without requiring modificationto the condition table 1120.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating operations in performing a method1400 of placing orders, according to some example embodiments.Operations in the method 1400 may be performed by the shopping module240 of the inventory management machine 130, in conjunction with othermodules described above with respect to FIG. 2 .

In operation 1410, an order is received by the shopping module 240. Theorder may originate from a user interacting with a user interface, froman order module 230 placing an order in response to an order conditionbeing met, or from another source. The order includes a quantity of anitem.

In operation 1420, availability data for the item from multiple sourcesis received by the shopping module 240. A source may be a seller on ane-commerce site, an e-commerce site, or another entity capable ofproviding the item. Availability data may be received via a programmaticinterface, a web interface, or another interface. For example, thesources may provide an application protocol interface (API) usable bythe shopping module 240 to query the availability of items. As anotherexample, the shopping module 240 may access a web site for each sourceand parse the item descriptions presented to determine whether the itemis available from that source. The availability data may includeadditional information about a potential order of the item from thesource. For example, the availability data may include a price of theitem, a shipping time, a shipping rate, and a quantity available. Basedon the availability data, the supplier table 1180 can be updated.

In operation 1430, a source is selected based on standardized oruser-defined criteria. For example, the action preferences table 1170can be used to provide separate selection criteria for each conditionalaction. In alternative embodiments, selection criteria are provided on aper-user or system-wide basis. For example, a user identifier can besubstituted for the action identifier in the action preferences table1170, causing the set of preferences to correspond to a user instead ofto a conditional action.

In an example embodiment, the action preferences include a price weight,a time weight, and a source weight. Based on these weights, eachsupplier can be scored and the highest-scoring supplier selected. As anexample, consider the equation:

Score=100−(Price Weight)*(Supplier's Price−Lowest Supplier Price)−(TimeWeight)*(Supplier's Delivery Date−Earliest Supplier DeliveryDate)−(Source Weight)*(Supplier's Rank−1).

In this example, if one supplier has the lowest price, the earliestdelivery date, and is the customer's top-ranked supplier (as tracked,for example, by the supplier preferences table 1190), then that supplierwill have a perfect score of 100 regardless of the weights. If the threeweights are set equally at 5, then a supplier offering a price $6 abovethe lowest price, for delivery 3 days after the earliest delivery, andbeing the user's 3rd-ranked supplier, would have a score of 45(100−5×6−5×3−5×(3−1)).

In operation 1440, the item is ordered by the shopping module 240 fromthe highest-scoring supplier. For example, the shopping module 240 maysend the user's address and credit card information along with thequantity of the item to be ordered to each of the e-commerce machines120 and 140. The user's information may be retrieved from the user table1130. The e-commerce machines 120 and 140 may cause the user's accountto be charged for the ordered items and communicate the order to theappropriate parties (e.g., the sellers operating via the e-commercemachine 120 or 140, or the warehouse storing the physical itemsordered).

According to various example embodiments, one or more of themethodologies described herein may facilitate the handling of userinventories, the processing of sensor data, and the generation ofpurchase orders based on those inventories and sensor data. Moreover,one or more of the methodologies described herein may facilitate thegeneration of orders for items needed by users without requiring theuser to place the order or even recognize the need for the item.Furthermore, one or more of the methodologies described herein mayfacilitate the placement of orders with sources without requiring theuser to evaluate the offerings of each source.

When these effects are considered in aggregate, one or more of themethodologies described herein may obviate a need for certain efforts orresources that otherwise would be involved in determining when to orderitems of interest and where to source them from. Efforts expended by auser in ordering items of interest may be reduced by one or more of themethodologies described herein. Computing resources used by one or moremachines, databases, or devices (e.g., within the network environment100) may similarly be reduced. Examples of such computing resourcesinclude processor cycles, network traffic, memory usage, data storagecapacity, power consumption, and cooling capacity.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating components of a machine 1500,according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from amachine-readable medium (e.g., a machine-readable storage medium, acomputer-readable storage medium, or any suitable combination thereof)and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, inwhole or in part. The machine 1500 may be used to implement thee-commerce machine 120, the inventory management machine 130, and thedevices 150. Specifically, FIG. 15 shows a diagrammatic representationof the machine 1500 in the example form of a computer system and withinwhich instructions 1524 (e.g., software, a program, an application, anapplet, an app, or other executable code) for causing the machine 1500to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein may beexecuted, in whole or in part. In alternative embodiments, the machine1500 operates as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g.,networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine1500 may operate in the capacity of a server machine or a client machinein a server-client network environment, or as a peer machine in adistributed (e.g., peer-to-peer) network environment. The machine 1500may be a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), atablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook, a set-top box (STB), apersonal digital assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a smartphone, aweb appliance, or any machine capable of executing the instructions1524, sequentially or otherwise, that specify actions to be taken bythat machine. Further, while only a single machine is illustrated, theterm “machine” shall also be taken to include a collection of machinesthat individually or jointly execute the instructions 1524 to performall or part of any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.

The machine 1500 includes a processor 1502 (e.g., a central processingunit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor(DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), aradio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), or any suitable combinationthereof), a main memory 1504, and a static memory 1506, which areconfigured to communicate with each other via a bus 1508. The machine1500 may further include a graphics display 1510 (e.g., a plasma displaypanel (PDP), a light emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystaldisplay (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)). The machine1500 may also include an alphanumeric input device 1512 (e.g., akeyboard), a cursor control device 1514 (e.g., a mouse, a touchpad, atrackball, a joystick, a motion sensor, or other pointing instrument), astorage unit 1516, a sensor device 1518, and a network interface device1520.

The storage unit 1516 includes a machine-readable medium 1522 on whichis stored the instructions 1524 embodying any one or more of themethodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 1524 mayalso reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory1504, within the processor 1502 (e.g., within the processor's cachememory), or both, during execution thereof by the machine 1500.Accordingly, the main memory 1504 and the processor 1502 may beconsidered as machine-readable media. The instructions 1524 may betransmitted or received over a network 1526 (e.g., network 170) via thenetwork interface device 1520.

As used herein, the term “memory” refers to a machine-readable mediumable to store data temporarily or permanently and may be taken toinclude, but not be limited to, random-access memory (RAM), read-onlymemory (ROM), buffer memory, flash memory, and cache memory. While themachine-readable medium 1522 is shown in an example embodiment to be asingle medium, the term “machine-readable medium” should be taken toinclude a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized ordistributed database, or associated caches and servers) able to storeinstructions. The term “machine-readable medium” shall also be taken toinclude any medium, or combination of multiple media, that is capable ofstoring instructions for execution by a machine (e.g., machine 1500),such that the instructions, when executed by one or more processors ofthe machine (e.g., processor 1502), cause the machine to perform any oneor more of the methodologies described herein. Accordingly, a“machine-readable medium” refers to a single storage apparatus ordevice, as well as “cloud-based” storage systems or storage networksthat include multiple storage apparatus or devices. The term“machine-readable medium” shall accordingly be taken to include, but notbe limited to, one or more data repositories in the form of asolid-state memory, an optical medium, a magnetic medium, or anysuitable combination thereof.

Furthermore, the tangible machine-readable medium is non-transitory inthat it does not embody a propagating signal. However, labeling thetangible machine-readable medium as “non-transitory” should not beconstrued to mean that the medium is incapable of movement—the mediumshould be considered as being transportable from one physical locationto another. Additionally, since the machine-readable medium is tangible,the medium may be considered to be a machine-readable device.

Throughout this specification, plural instances may implementcomponents, operations, or structures described as a single instance.Although individual operations of one or more methods are illustratedand described as separate operations, one or more of the individualoperations may be performed concurrently, and nothing requires that theoperations be performed in the order illustrated. Structures andfunctionality presented as separate components in example configurationsmay be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly,structures and functionality presented as a single component may beimplemented as separate components. These and other variations,modifications, additions, and improvements fall within the scope of thesubject matter herein.

Certain embodiments are described herein as including logic or a numberof components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules may constitute eithersoftware modules (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readable medium or ina transmission signal) or hardware modules. A “hardware module” is atangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may beconfigured or arranged in a certain physical manner. In various exampleembodiments, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone computersystem, a client computer system, or a server computer system) or one ormore hardware modules of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a groupof processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application orapplication portion) as a hardware module that operates to performcertain operations as described herein.

In some embodiments, a hardware module may be implemented mechanically,electronically, or any suitable combination thereof. For example, ahardware module may include dedicated circuitry or logic that ispermanently configured to perform certain operations. For example, ahardware module may be a special-purpose processor, such as a fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA) or an ASIC. A hardware module may alsoinclude programmable logic or circuitry that is temporarily configuredby software to perform certain operations. For example, a hardwaremodule may include software encompassed within a general-purposeprocessor or other programmable processor. It will be appreciated thatthe decision to implement a hardware module mechanically, in dedicatedand permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configuredcircuitry (e.g., configured by software) may be driven by cost and timeconsiderations.

Accordingly, the phrase “hardware module” should be understood toencompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physicallyconstructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarilyconfigured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or toperform certain operations described herein. As used herein,“hardware-implemented module” refers to a hardware module. Consideringembodiments in which hardware modules are temporarily configured (e.g.,programmed), each of the hardware modules need not be configured orinstantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where a hardwaremodule comprises a general-purpose processor configured by software tobecome a special-purpose processor, the general-purpose processor may beconfigured as respectively different special-purpose processors (e.g.,comprising different hardware modules) at different times. Software mayaccordingly configure a processor, for example, to constitute aparticular hardware module at one instance of time and to constitute adifferent hardware module at a different instance of time.

Hardware modules can provide information to, and receive informationfrom, other hardware modules. Accordingly, the described hardwaremodules may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiplehardware modules exist contemporaneously, communications may be achievedthrough signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses)between or among two or more of the hardware modules. In embodiments inwhich multiple hardware modules are configured or instantiated atdifferent times, communications between such hardware modules may beachieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of informationin memory structures to which the multiple hardware modules have access.For example, one hardware module may perform an operation and store theoutput of that operation in a memory device to which it iscommunicatively coupled. A further hardware module may then, at a latertime, access the memory device to retrieve and process the storedoutput. Hardware modules may also initiate communications with input oroutput devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection ofinformation).

The various operations of example methods described herein may beperformed, at least partially, by one or more processors that aretemporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured toperform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanentlyconfigured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented modulesthat operate to perform one or more operations or functions describedherein. As used herein, “processor-implemented module” refers to ahardware module implemented using one or more processors.

Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partiallyprocessor-implemented, a processor being an example of hardware. Forexample, at least some of the operations of a method may be performed byone or more processors or processor-implemented modules. Moreover, theone or more processors may also operate to support performance of therelevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a “softwareas a service” (SaaS). For example, at least some of the operations maybe performed by a group of computers (as examples of machines includingprocessors), with these operations being accessible via a network (e.g.,the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., anapplication program interface (API)).

The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed amongthe one or more processors, not only residing within a single machine,but deployed across a number of machines. In some example embodiments,the one or more processors or processor-implemented modules may belocated in a single geographic location (e.g., within a homeenvironment, an office environment, or a server farm). In other exampleembodiments, the one or more processors or processor-implemented modulesmay be distributed across a number of geographic locations.

Some portions of the subject matter discussed herein may be presented interms of algorithms or symbolic representations of operations on datastored as bits or binary digital signals within a machine memory (e.g.,a computer memory). Such algorithms or symbolic representations areexamples of techniques used by those of ordinary skill in the dataprocessing arts to convey the substance of their work to others skilledin the art. As used herein, an “algorithm” is a self-consistent sequenceof operations or similar processing leading to a desired result. In thiscontext, algorithms and operations involve physical manipulation ofphysical quantities. Typically, but not necessarily, such quantities maytake the form of electrical, magnetic, or optical signals capable ofbeing stored, accessed, transferred, combined, compared, or otherwisemanipulated by a machine. It is convenient at times, principally forreasons of common usage, to refer to such signals using words such as“data,” “content,” “bits,” “values,” “elements,” “symbols,”“characters,” “terms,” “numbers,” “numerals,” or the like. These words,however, are merely convenient labels and are to be associated withappropriate physical quantities.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, discussions herein using wordssuch as “processing,” “computing,” “calculating,” “determining,”“presenting,” “displaying,” or the like may refer to actions orprocesses of a machine (e.g., a computer) that manipulates or transformsdata represented as physical (e.g., electronic, magnetic, or optical)quantities within one or more memories (e.g., volatile memory,non-volatile memory, or any suitable combination thereof), registers, orother machine components that receive, store, transmit, or displayinformation. Furthermore, unless specifically stated otherwise, theterms “a” or “an” are herein used, as is common in patent documents, toinclude one or more than one instance. Finally, as used herein, theconjunction “or” refers to a non-exclusive “or,” unless specificallystated otherwise.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: sensing, with a chargesensor of a device having a power supply that provides power for thedevice, a voltage of the power supply; comparing, with the chargesensor, the voltage with a voltage threshold; determining, with thecharge sensor, a number of power supplies that provide power for thedevice; determining, with the charge sensor, a quantity of the number ofthe power supplies that have been replaced for the device when thevoltage is below the voltage threshold; comparing, with the chargesensor, the quantity with a number threshold; based on the voltage beingbelow the voltage threshold and the quantity being below the numberthreshold, determining, with the charge sensor, that additional powersupplies should be ordered; and effecting, with the charge sensor, anorder for the additional power supplies.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein effecting the order for the additional power supplies includessending the order for the additional power supplies to an inventorymanagement system.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising sensing,with the charge sensor, a current of the power supply.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising determining, with the charge sensor, a typeof the power supplies replaced.
 5. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising determining when each of the number of power supplies havebeen replaced.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the charge sensor is avoltage sensor.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the charge sensorcommunicates with an inventory management system via a network and themethod further comprises sending the order for the additional powersupplies to the inventory management system via the network.
 8. A systemcomprising: one or more processors of one or more machines configured toperform operations comprising: sensing, with a charge sensor of a devicehaving a power supply that provides power for the device, a voltage ofthe power supply; comparing, with the charge sensor, the voltage with avoltage threshold; determining, with the charge sensor, a number ofpower supplies that provide power for the device; determining, with thecharge sensor, a quantity of the number of the power supplies that havebeen replaced for the device when the voltage is below the voltagethreshold; comparing, with the charge sensor, the quantity with a numberthreshold; based on the voltage being below the voltage threshold andthe quantity being below the number threshold, determining, with thecharge sensor, that additional power supplies should be ordered; andeffecting, with the charge sensor, an order for the additional powersupplies.
 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the operation of effectingthe order for the additional power supplies further comprises sendingthe order for the additional power supplies to an inventory managementsystem.
 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the operations furthercomprise sensing, with the charge sensor, a current of the power supply.11. The system of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprisedetermining, with the charge sensor, a type of the power suppliesreplaced.
 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the operations furthercomprise determining when each of the number of power supplies have beenreplaced.
 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the charge sensor is avoltage sensor.
 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the charge sensorcommunicates with an inventory management system via a network and theoperations further comprise sending the order for the additional powersupplies to the inventory management system via the network.
 15. Anon-transitory machine-readable medium having instructions embodiedthereon, the instructions executable by a processor of a machine toperform operations comprising: sensing, with a charge sensor of a devicehaving a power supply that provides power for the device, a voltage ofthe power supply; comparing, with the charge sensor, the voltage with avoltage threshold; determining, with the charge sensor, a number ofpower supplies that provide power for the device; determining, with thecharge sensor, a quantity of the number of the power supplies that havebeen replaced for the device when the voltage is below the voltagethreshold; comparing, with the charge sensor, the quantity with a numberthreshold; based on the voltage being below the voltage threshold andthe quantity being below the number threshold, determining, with thecharge sensor, that additional power supplies should be ordered; andeffecting, with the charge sensor, an order for the additional powersupplies.
 16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15,wherein the operation of effecting the order for the additional powersupplies further comprises sending the order for the additional powersupplies to an inventory management system.
 17. The non-transitorymachine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations furthercomprise sensing, with the charge sensor, a current of the power supply.18. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein theoperations further comprise determining, with the charge sensor, a typeof the power supplies replaced.
 19. The non-transitory machine-readablemedium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise determiningwhen each of the number of power supplies have been replaced and thecharge sensor communicates with an inventory management system via anetwork and the operations further comprise sending the order for theadditional power supplies to the inventory management system via thenetwork.
 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15,wherein the charge sensor is a voltage sensor.